3,349 research outputs found
Localized tachyon condensation and G-parity conservation
We study the condensation of localized tachyon in non-supersymmetric orbifold
{\C^2/\Z_n}. We first show that the G-parities of chiral primaries are
preserved under the condensation of localized tachyon(CLT) given by the chiral
primaries. Using this, we finalize the proof of the conjecture that the
lowest-tachyon-mass-squared increases under CLT at the level of type II string
with full consideration of GSO projection. We also show the equivalence between
the -parity given by coming from partition function
and that given by coming from the monomial
construction for the chiral primaires in the dual mirror picture.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, final form to appear in JHE
Diagnostic performance of co-rads and the rsna classification system in evaluating covid-19 at chest cta meta-analysis
Purpose: To determine the diagnostic performance of the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) categorizations in patients with clinically suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis, studies from 2020, up to August 24, 2020, were assessed for inclusion criteria of studies that used CO-RADS or the RSNA categories for scoring chest CT in patients suspected of having COVID-19. A total of 186 studies were identified. After review of abstracts and text, a total of nine studies were included in this study. Patient information (n¸ age, sex), CO-RADS and RSNA scoring categories, and other study characteristics were extracted. Study quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model. Results: Nine studies (3283 patients) were included. Overall study quality was good, except for risk of nonperformance of repeated reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing after negative initial RT-PCR testing and persistent clinical suspicion in four studies. Pooled COVID-19 frequencies in CO-RADS categories were: 1, 8.8%; 2, 11.1%; 3, 24.6%; 4, 61.9%; and 5, 89.6%. Pooled COVID-19 frequencies in RSNA classification categories were: negative, 14.4%; atypical, 5.7%; indeterminate, 44.9%; and typical, 92.5%. Pooled pairs of sensitivity and specificity using CO-RADS thresholds were the following: at least 3, 92.5% (95% CI: 87.1, 95.7) and 69.2% (95%: CI: 60.8, 76.4); at least 4, 85.8% (95% CI: 78.7, 90.9) and 84.6% (95% CI: 79.5, 88.5); and 5, 70.4% (95% CI: 60.2, 78.9) and 93.1% (95% CI: 87.7, 96.2). Pooled pairs of sensitivity and specificity using RSNA classification thresholds for indeterminate were 90.2% (95% CI: 87.5, 92.3) and 75.1% (95% CI: 68.9, 80.4) and for typical were 65.2% (95% CI: 37.0, 85.7) and 94.9% (95% CI: 86.4, 98.2). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection frequency was higher in patients categorized with higher CO-RADS and RSNA classification categories
Localized Tachyons and the g_cl conjecture
We consider C/Z_N and C^2/Z_N orbifolds of heterotic string theories and Z_N
orbifolds of AdS_3. We study theories with N=2 worldsheet superconformal
invariance and construct RG flows. Following Harvey, Kutasov, Martinec and
Moore, we compute g_cl and show that it decreases monotonically along RG flows-
as conjectured by them. For the heterotic string theories, the gauge degrees of
freedom do not contribute to the computation of g_cl.Comment: Corrections and clarifications made, 19 page
Comments on Noncommutative Sigma Models
We review the derivation of a noncommutative version of the nonlinear sigma
model on \CPn and it's soliton solutions for finite emphasizing the
similarities it bears to the GMS scalar field theory. It is also shown that
unlike the scalar theory, some care needs to be taken in defining the
topological charge of BPS solitons of the theory due to nonvanishing surface
terms in the energy functional. Finally it is shown that, like its commutative
analogue, the noncommutative \CPn-model also exhibits a non-BPS sector.
Unlike the commutative case however, there are some surprises in the
noncommutative case that merit further study.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX (JHEP3), Minor changes, Discussion
expanded and references adde
Adaptive Finite Element Methods with Inexact Solvers for the Nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann Equation
In this article we study adaptive finite element methods (AFEM) with inexact
solvers for a class of semilinear elliptic interface problems. We are
particularly interested in nonlinear problems with discontinuous diffusion
coefficients, such as the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation and its
regularizations. The algorithm we study consists of the standard
SOLVE-ESTIMATE-MARK-REFINE procedure common to many adaptive finite element
algorithms, but where the SOLVE step involves only a full solve on the coarsest
level, and the remaining levels involve only single Newton updates to the
previous approximate solution. We summarize a recently developed AFEM
convergence theory for inexact solvers, and present a sequence of numerical
experiments that give evidence that the theory does in fact predict the
contraction properties of AFEM with inexact solvers. The various routines used
are all designed to maintain a linear-time computational complexity.Comment: Submitted to DD20 Proceeding
Strange form factors of the proton: a new analysis of the neutrino (antineutrino) data of the BNL-734 experiment
We consider ratios of elastic neutrino(antineutrino)-proton cross sections
measured by the Brookhaven BNL-734 experiment and use them to obtain the
neutral current (NC) over charged current (CC) neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry.
We discuss the sensitivity of these ratios and of the asymmetry to the
electric, magnetic and axial strange form factors of the nucleon and to the
axial cutoff mass M_A. We show that the effects of the nuclear structure and
interactions on the asymmetry and, in general, on ratios of cross sections are
negligible. We find some restrictions on the possible values of the parameters
characterizing the strange form factors. We show that a precise measurement of
the neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry would allow the extraction of the axial and
vector magnetic strange form factors in a model independent way. The
neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry turns out to be almost independent on the
electric strange form factor and on the axial cutoff mass.Comment: 12 page
THE "FREELY" FALLING TWO-LEVEL ATOM IN A RUNNING LASER WAVE
The time evolution of a two-level atom which is simultaneously exposed to the
field of a running laser wave and a homogeneous gravitational field is studied.
The result of the coupled dynamics of internal transitions and center-of-mass
motion is worked out exactly. Neglecting spontaneous emission and performing
the rotating wave approximation we derive the complete time evolution operator
in an algebraical way by using commutation relations. The result is discussed
with respect to the physical implications. In particular the long time and
short time behaviour is physically analyzed in detail. The breakdown of the
Magnus perturbation expansion is shown.Comment: 14 Pages, Late
Perturbative Gauge Theory and Closed String Tachyons
We find an interesting connection between perturbative large N gauge theory
and closed superstrings. The gauge theory in question is found on N D3-branes
placed at the tip of the cone R^6/Gamma. In our previous work we showed that,
when the orbifold group Gamma breaks all supersymmetry, then typically the
gauge theory is not conformal because of double-trace couplings whose one-loop
beta functions do not possess real zeros. In this paper we observe a precise
correspondence between the instabilities caused by the flow of these
double-trace couplings and the presence of tachyons in the twisted sectors of
type IIB theory on orbifolds R^{3,1}x R^6/Gamma. For each twisted sectors that
does not contain tachyons, we show that the corresponding double-trace coupling
flows to a fixed point and does not cause an instability. However, whenever a
twisted sector is tachyonic, we find that the corresponding one-loop beta
function does not have a real zero, hence an instability is likely to exist in
the gauge theory. We demonstrate explicitly the one-to-one correspondence
between the regions of stability/instability in the space of charges under
Gamma that arise in the perturbative gauge theory and in the free string
theory. Possible implications of this remarkably simple gauge/string
correspondence are discussed.Comment: 25 pages, Latex; V2: Clarifications and references adde
Polymer Shape Anisotropy and the Depletion Interaction
We calculate the second and third virial coefficients of the effective
sphere-sphere interaction due to polymer depletion. By utilizing the anisotropy
of a typical polymer conformation, we can consider polymers that are roughly
the same size as the spherical inclusions. We argue that recent experiments can
confirm this anisotropy.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figures, RevTe
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